The Litigation Guardian

by: , November 30, 2022

Rule 7 of the Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 194 provides, in part, that unless the court orders or a statute provides otherwise, a proceeding shall be commenced, continued or defended on behalf of a party under disability by a litigation guardian. Generally, a party under disability is a minor (i.e. a…read more

Examinations and Experts Don’t Mix

by: , November 21, 2022

Today’s blog was written by Chris Cook, student-at-law at de VRIES LITIGATION LLP. Examinations for discovery are a key step in the civil litigation process. By allowing parties to ask questions of the opposing party and witnesses before trial, the parties are able to gain a better understanding of relevant facts and documents. After examinations…read more

What is a Guardian?

by: , November 14, 2022

Attorneys for property and attorneys for personal care are, for the most part, generally understood in our society. That may be because the attorney for property or attorney for personal care is the role that one can grant (the “grantor”) to another through the execution of powers of attorney. The discussion about powers of attorney…read more

What is the Role of Section 3 Counsel?

by: , November 11, 2022

If an individual whose capacity is in issue in proceedings under the Substitute Decisions Act (“SDA”) does not have counsel,  the court may direct the Public Guardian and Trustee (“PGT”) to arrange legal representation for that person. Pursuant to section 3 of the SDA,  the alleged incapable person is deemed to have capacity to retain…read more

The Terrifying “In Terrorem” Clause

by: , October 31, 2022

OoooooooooOOO! It is the scariest clause around; more frightening to beneficiaries than a killer Santa “clause”. Also called a no-contest clause, an in terrorem clause translates literally to “in fear” in Latin. In the estate planning context, it is a clause which forces or prohibits beneficiaries from doing something, using the fear of a loss…read more

When Siblings Fight – Removing a co-attorney

by: , October 17, 2022

Anybody with a sibling can tell you. Nobody gets under your skin quite like a brother or a sister can. When it comes to care in their old age, many parents will name multiple children as their attorneys for property or personal care. The sentiment is understandable. Parents may not want certain children to feel…read more

Actions vs. Applications

by: , October 3, 2022

Generally, a court proceeding is categorized as either an action or an application. Both actions and applications end with a judge making a decision (judgment); however, an action concludes with a trial and live witnesses and an application is conducted by way of a ‘paper trial’ (i.e. no live witnesses). In both cases, judges will…read more

Cost Awards: An Example

by: , September 26, 2022

In Canada, at the end of a court proceeding, a judge will often order one party (usually the loser) to pay a portion of the other party’s costs. Costs are awarded at the judge’s discretion. As set out in s. 131 of the Courts of Justice Act, RSO 1990, c C.43: “… the costs of…read more

Undue Influence in Inter Vivos Transfers

by: , September 19, 2022

Many have heard of undue influence but it is often in the context of a will challenge. That is to say, an argument is made that a testator’s last will and testament is not valid because someone influenced the testator. The influence must be such that the testator was no longer acting with free will:…read more

Cautions and Certificates of Pending Litigation

by: , August 22, 2022

All too often the question of ownership over a piece of real estate is part of the larger puzzle of an estate dispute. If a party is asserting a claim of ownership over piece of real estate where they are not the registered owner, registering a caution on title or a certificate of pending litigation…read more